camouflage
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unadapted borrowing from French camouflage, from camoufler (“to veil, disguise”), alteration (due to camouflet (“smoke blown in one's face”)) of Italian camuffare (“to muffle the head”), from ca- (from Italian capo (“head”)) + muffare (“to muffle”), from Medieval Latin muffula, muffla (“muff”). This Medieval Latin, from which there is also English muffle, is either derived from a Frankish *molfell (“soft garment made of hide”) from *mol (“softened, forworn”) (akin to Old High German molawēn (“to soften”), Middle High German molwic (“soft”)) + *fell (“hide, skin”), from Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, film, fleece”), or, an alternate etymology traces it to a Frankish *muffël (“a muff, wrap, envelope”) composed of *mauwa (“sleeve, wrap”) from Proto-Germanic *mawwō (“sleeve”) + *fell (“skin, hide”) from Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, film, fleece”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - Hyphenation: cam‧ou‧flage
Noun
[edit]camouflage (countable and uncountable, plural camouflages)
- A disguise or covering up.
- The act of disguising.
- (military) The use of natural or artificial material on personnel, objects, or tactical positions with the aim of confusing, misleading, or evading the enemy.[1]
- (textiles) A pattern on clothing consisting of irregularly shaped patches that are either greenish/brownish, brownish/whitish, or bluish/whitish, as used by ground combat forces.
- (biology) Resemblance of an organism to its surroundings for avoiding detection.
- 2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:
- Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close […] above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them. Many insects probably use this strategy, which is a close analogy to crypsis in the visible world—camouflage and other methods for blending into one’s visual background.
- Clothes made from camouflage fabric, for concealment in combat or hunting.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Translations
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Verb
[edit]camouflage (third-person singular simple present camouflages, present participle camouflaging, simple past and past participle camouflaged)
- To hide or disguise something by covering it up or changing the way it looks.
- 1960 January, “New reading on railways”, in Trains Illustrated, page 26:
- THE CONCISE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF WORLD RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES. Edited by P. Ransome-Wallis. Hutchinson. 50s.
A gaudy jacket, remarkably out of keeping with the contents, camouflages the weightiest and meatiest work on a railway topic since the war.
- 1962 October, Brian Haresnape, “Focus on B.R. passenger stations”, in Modern Railways, pages 250–251:
- Elegant brick and stone buildings, with iron and glass canopies and decorative wooden scalloping and fencing—all evidencing care on the part of the architect to produce a pleasing, well-planned building—were submerged beneath a profusion of ill-conceived additions and camouflaged by vulgar paint schemes; and the original conception was lost.
Derived terms
[edit]{{der3|en|camo|camouflageable|camouflager
Translations
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References
[edit]- ^ (JP 1-02 Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms).
Further reading
[edit]- camouflage on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Category:camouflage on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unadapted borrowing from French camouflage.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]camouflage f (plural camouflages)
- camouflage [from mid 1910s]
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Indonesian: kamuflase
- → West Frisian: kamûflaazje
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From camoufler (“disguise, to hide”) + -age (noun-forming suffix).
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ka.mu.flaʒ/
Audio: (file) Audio (Switzerland): (file)
Noun
[edit]camouflage m (plural camouflages)
Descendants
[edit]- → English: camouflage
- → Japanese: カモフラージュ
- → German: Camouflage
- → Greek: καμουφλάζ n (kamoufláz)
- → Korean: 카무플라주 (kamupeullaju)
- → Norwegian Bokmål: kamuflasje
- → Romanian: camuflaj
- → Russian: камуфля́ж (kamufljáž) (see there for further descendants)
- → Turkish: kamuflaj
Further reading
[edit]- “camouflage”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kap- (head)
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mewH-
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mel-
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pel- (skin)
- English terms borrowed from French
- English unadapted borrowings from French
- English terms derived from French
- English terms derived from Italian
- English terms derived from Medieval Latin
- English terms derived from Frankish
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Military
- en:Textiles
- en:Biology
- English terms with quotations
- English verbs
- en:Appearance
- en:Ethology
- en:Human behaviour
- Dutch terms borrowed from French
- Dutch unadapted borrowings from French
- Dutch terms derived from French
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/aːʒə
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch feminine nouns
- French terms suffixed with -age
- French 3-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- fr:Appearance
- fr:Ethology